1. Principles of Surveying and Types of Surveys
-
Fundamentals: Accuracy, precision, errors, scales, datum
-
Types: Plane vs. geodetic, land, topographic, hydrographic, construction surveys
-
Instruments Overview: Chains, tapes, levels, theodolites, total stations, GPS
2. Traditional Surveying Methods in Architecture
-
Chain and Compass Surveying: Techniques, plotting, limitations
-
Plane Table Surveying: Radiation, intersection, and traversing methods
-
Levelling: Dumpy level, auto level, differential and profile levelling for site contours and drainage
3. Modern Surveying Tools and Techniques
-
Total Station: Data collection, traversing, topographic mapping
-
GPS/GNSS Surveying: Accuracy levels (RTK, DGPS), applications in large-scale mapping
-
Drones/UAVs: Photogrammetry, point clouds, DEM/DSM generation
-
Laser Scanning (LiDAR): Building documentation, 3D modeling for restoration
4. Topographic Mapping and Site Analysis
-
Contour Mapping: Interpolation, drawing, reading contour maps
-
Site Context Mapping: Natural features, vegetation, access, drainage
-
Slope Analysis: Useful for hillside development and zoning
-
Plotting and Representation: Manual and digital (AutoCAD/Civil 3D)
5. Integration with Design and BIM
-
Base Maps for Architecture: How survey data feeds into design process
-
GIS Basics for Architects: Spatial data layers, urban analysis
-
Linking Survey Data to BIM Tools: Revit, Rhino, InfraWorks integration
-
Case Studies: Site documentation, redevelopment mapping, conservation projects