An Introduction to Kalinga Architecture: The Temple Style of Odisha
The Kalinga architecture is a distinct and magnificent style of Hindu temple architecture that flourished in the ancient kingdom of Kalinga, a region that corresponds to the modern-day state of Odisha in eastern India. This architectural tradition, which has a history spanning over a thousand years, has produced some of the most impressive and iconic temples in the country.
The Three Orders of Kalinga Temples
The Kalinga architectural style is characterized by three distinct types of temples, or deulas:
- Rekha Deula: The Rekha Deula is a tall, curvilinear tower that serves as the sanctum sanctorum of the temple. It is typically associated with temples dedicated to Vishnu, Surya, and Shiva.
- Pidha Deula: The Pidha Deula is a square building with a pyramidal roof made up of a series of receding horizontal platforms, or pidhas. It serves as the outer dancing and offering hall of the temple.
- Khakhara Deula: The Khakhara Deula is a rectangular building with a barrel-shaped roof. It is mainly associated with temples dedicated to the goddesses Chamunda and Durga.
A Living Tradition
The Kalinga architectural style is not just a matter of design and construction; it is a living tradition that is deeply rooted in the culture and religion of Odisha. The temples are not just places of worship, but also vibrant centers of community life, art, and learning.
The construction of a Kalinga temple is a complex and highly ritualized process that involves a team of skilled artisans and craftsmen. The entire process, from the selection of the site to the final consecration of the temple, is guided by a rich body of sacred texts and scriptures, including the Shilpa Shastras, the Vastu Shastra, and the Dharma Shastra.
A Rich and Diverse Heritage
The Kalinga architectural style has produced a rich and diverse heritage of temples, from the towering spire of the Lingaraja Temple in Bhubaneswar to the majestic Jagannath Temple in Puri. These magnificent monuments, with their intricate carvings and powerful sculptures, are a testament to the enduring power of the Hindu faith and the skill and artistry of the artisans who created them.